Research

Find out more about the impact of rewards on pupils motivation in school

Carrot Rewards aims to provide the best tool for teachers to motivate their pupils. As a part of that effort we are working with a number of university experts and leading teachers in the area of pupil motivation in school.

Parental Involvement Resources for Teachers

When parents get involved in the matter of their children’s education, the children’s attendance, behaviour and academic achievement improves. That’s why teachers should encourage parents to participate in school activities as much as possible, to ensure pupils get a well-rounded education both at school and at home.

The following links point to academic studies, helpful websites, and resources for teachers, covering many aspects of parental involvement, from strategies for teachers to research looking at the effects of parent involvement in schools.

Studies Measuring Success with Parental Involvement in Education

Reviews of Literature Covering Aspects of Parent Involvement

Cultural Factors Affecting Parental Involvement

Parent Involvement Strategies and Resources for Teachers

Studies Measuring Success with Parental Involvement in Education

Approaches to Parent Involvement for Improving the Academic Performance of Elementary School Age Children

By Chad Nye, PhD, Herb Turner, PhD, Jamie Schwartz, PhD

This review is intended to provide evidence to policymakers in order to guide their decisions about the level of investment in parental involvement, to educators in order to guide the development of parent involvement programs for their school improvement plans, and to researchers in designing studies to rigorously investigate the effectiveness of parental involvement for improving elementary school children as academic performance in schools.

School achievement at the secondary level: Influence of parenting style and parent involvement in schooling

By R Deslandes, E Royer, D Turcotte, R Bertrand

This study examined the influence of parenting style and parental involvement in schooling on secondary school-level academic achievement. It was found that three factors contributed to school achievement: parental acceptance, supervision, and granting psychological autonomy.

Parental involvement in students' education during middle school and high school

By S Catsambis, JE Garland

This project analyses data from the parent component of the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 to investigate changes in family educational involvement between students' eighth and twelfth grades.

Parents’ Relationships and Involvement: Effects on Students’ School Engagement and Performance

By Yun Mo, Kusum Singh

This study focused on parents’ relationships and involvement in their children’s lives and the resulting effects on the children’s school engagement and school performance. The study examined the effect of parents’ relationships and involvement on students’ cognitive, emotional, and behavioural engagement in school and subsequently on school performance.

Parental Involvement in Education

By Bridget Williams, Joel Williams & Anna Ullman

The Department for Education and Skills (DfES) commissioned BMRB Social Research to conduct a telephone survey of households containing children of primary or secondary school age (5-16) attending maintained schools. The survey was designed to investigate the level of involvement parents have in their children’s education and general school life.

Parental Involvement in Deaf Children's Education Programs as a Predictor of Child's Language, Early Reading, and Social-Emotional Development

By Rosemary Calderon

This study examined the impact of school-based, teacher-rated parental involvement on four child outcomes: language development, early reading skills, and positive and negative measures of social-emotional development.

Reviews of Literature Covering Aspects of Parent Involvement

The Challenges of Parent Involvement Research

By Amy J. L. Baker and Laura M. Soden

This article examines research into aspects of parental involvement in education and outlines ways in which research methodologies can be improved in order to better understand the needs of parents, teachers, and students.

Parental Involvement in Homework: A Review of Current Research and Its Implications for Teachers, After School Program Staff, and Parent Leaders

By Joan M. T. Walker, Kathleen V. Hoover-Dempsey, Darlene R. Whetsel, and Christa L. Green

This paper examines findings based on previous research carried out on the area of parental involvement and homework assignments. It then goes on to suggest several ways in which schools can invite parents’ involvement in homework.

Parent involvement: The key to improved student achievement

By SR Hara, DJ Burke

This paper is a summary of selected research findings that examine the effects of parental involvement in mainstream education, with emphasis on inner-city schools.

The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievements and Adjustment: A Literature Review

By Charles Desforges and Alberto Abouchaar

A review of literature was conducted to establish research findings on the relationship between parental involvement, parental support, and family education on pupil achievement and adjustment in schools.

Cultural Factors Affecting Parental Involvement

Promoting ELL Parental Involvement:  Challenges in Contested Times

By M. Beatriz Arias and Milagros Morillo-Campbell

This policy brief analyses factors related to the implementation of effective parental involvement with English Language Learners (ELLs).

Why Didn't They Show Up? Rethinking ESL Parent Involvement in K-12 Education

By Yan Guo

This article looks at ways of engaging ESL parents (ESL stands for English as a Second Language) with their child’s education and outlines the barriers that may hinder their active involvement with the school.

Parental Involvement in Education Among Low-Income Families: A Case Study

By Jane Graves Smith

This study examines the parental involvement in one low-income school over the course of two years.

Parental involvement in school: What promotes and what hinders parental involvement in an urban school

This study aims to obtain more adequate knowledge of what promotes and what hinders parental involvement in an urban secondary school for students between the ages of 12 and 16. This paper also examines how parents of an Arabic background view parental involvement in the work of the school and suggests methods for involving them with educators.

Why Some Parents Don't Come to School

By M Finders, C Lewis

This article outlines ‘barriers’ that prevent some parents from becoming actively involved with their child’s education and discusses ways in which teachers can encourage these parents to participate.

Multiple Dimensions of Family Involvement and Their Relations to Behavioural and Learning Competencies for Urban, Low-Income Children

By John Fantuzzo, Christine McWayne, and Marlo A. Perry

This study looked at a sample of 144 children from an inner-city community and tested varying degrees of parental involvement within their education. Each child’s academic achievement was then measured as an indicator of parental involvement influencing achievement. 

Ethnicity and Language Contributions to Dimensions of Parent Involvement

By Shuk Wa Wong and Jan N. Hughes

This study examined ethnic and language group differences on dimensions of parent-rated and teacher-rated parent involvement after adjusting for the influence of family socioeconomic factors. This study then goes on to discuss the implications of the findings for educators. 

Parent Involvement Strategies and Resources for Teachers

Parent Involvement –Strategies and Tools

By J Epstein

Advice for teachers outlining strategies and tools to involve parents in their pupil’s learning

School, Family and Community Partnership –Preparing Educators and Improving Schools

By JL Epstein

This is a copy of a book that examines how teachers, parents, and the wider community can all come together to improve their children’s education. It outlines a framework for effectively establishing these connections and reviews research based on the same subject.

Categories of Parent Involvement

By JP Bauch

This article outlines several ways researchers have attempted to define or classify ways parents are or should be involved with their child’s education, in order to develop a ‘best-practice’ methodology that can be applied to schools in the future.

In Search of the Elusive Magic Bullet: Parental Involvement and Student Outcomes

By Kim O. Yap and Donald Y. Enoki

This article outlines ways in which parents can get involved with their child’s education and discusses ways in which research findings from related studies can be applied to every day teaching methods. 

Edutopia| Parent Leadership in Education: Resource Roundup

This is a list of internet resources on the subject of Parent Leadership, courtesy of the Edutopia education website.

Education World | Parent Involvement in Schools

This is a resources roundup from Education World, listing articles from the website which are geared towards the subject of parent involvement in schools.

Teaching Expertise | Parental Involvement

These articles from the Teaching Expertise website cover aspects of parental involvement in education, including advice for how to get fathers involved, child protection, and engaging hard-to-reach parents. 

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